Dating using various radioisotopes.
BQ: Volcanic rocks from recent timep eriods (Azores, Vesuvius, etc.) are dated between 100 million and 10.5 billion years old using uranium-lead dating. Saying that these anomalous dates must represent older mantle rock, some geologists find no problem with these discrepancies, despite the fact that this would leave a vast majority of samples meaningless to date. (J Evernden, PhD, D Savage, PhD, G Curtis, PhD, "Potassium-argon Dates and the Cenozoic Mammalian Chronology of North America" and "Radiogenic Isotope Geology") Do anomalies exist in other dating methods?
A: Reading up on geophysics, one will soon see that vast discrepancies exist with all radiometric dating methods. For 20 samples of Brahma amphibolite in one part of the Grand Canyon, rubidium-strontium (+/-84M years), samarium-neodynium (+/-40M), and lead-lead (+/-53M) dating methods were used. The results varied by over 600 million years in age. (Isochron Discordances and the Role of Inheritance and Mixing of Radioisotopes in the Mantle and Crust)
From the general theory of relativity, we know that changes in gravity affect the rate of radioisotopic decay (an atomic clock in Boulder, CO runs faster than an atomic clock in Greenwich, GB), but we also have discovered that changes in physical pressure can change the rate of nuclear decay. (Pressure Dependence of the Radioactive Decay Constant of Beryllium-7)
When considering radiometric dating, it is important to also understand its limitations and the errors that we know exist, but cannot assign quantitative error to; we should be especially critical of the errors, rather than trying to shove round blocks into square holes. (See previous paragraph.) For example, one Pliocene-to-Holocene sample (which is conventionally dated to 5.3 million years) had a rubidium-strontium age of 570 million years-to-870 million years, while a sister sample was dated as 1.5 billion years old using the same method, and a Micoene-to-Holocene sample (conventionally estimated at 24 million years old) was dated as being 1.2 billion years old. (Principles of Isotope Geology, 2nd ed., see also "Use of Natural Diamond to Monitor C AMS Instrument Backgrounds, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms)
(PN217)
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